Lubricating oil used in generating engines lubricant is mineral oil. Manufacture of mineral lubricating oils made in oil mills by the fractionation of raw material (crude oil). Lubricating oil can also be made from a variety of basic materials such as:
- Lubricating oils made from plants and from animals
such as castor oil (Castrol Oil), use as seed
the base material. Vaseline, using animal fat as an ingredient
basically.
- Synthetic lubricating oils. Derived from synthetic materials (eg Polyqlycols,
basic zdi Acid esters, Fluoroesters, Polyphenil esters, a Novel Synthetic, Lubricants, etc.)
Capabilities and advantages of this mineral include:
- Temperature operating range is quite large
- Easily mixed with chemicals to increase
- Ability to work
- Nature of Physical and Chemical Properties easily controlled
Material wear can be reduced by reducing the magnitude of the force due to friction is by avoiding the direct contact between two surfaces rub against each other. One way to avoid direct contact between two objects rub against each other is to "insert" the lubricating oil between the two objects. This method is called "lubricate" or provide lubrication.
Lubrication principles can be divided into two kinds:
• Boundary Lubrication.
Lubrication where the surfaces are the two objects rub against each separated by a very thin layer of lubricant so that in some locations is still friction between the two objects. See Fig.
• Lubrication Film.
By providing a layer of lubricating oil that is thicker (a film) between the two objects rub together, no longer the case friction between two objects. Principles of good lubrication is the lubrication film.
The main function of lubricating oil is for lubrication, while other functions are equally important for cooling, sealing, reduce corrosion, shock absorbers and control.
• As a coolant.
Friction will cause excessive heat can cause damage if material. Lubricating oil will absorb the heat is to be taken and disposed in the lubricating oil or cooling system to the outside air.
• As the seals.
Seals can be used as a lubricant, such as to prevent leakage of hydrogen from the alternator shaft to the outside air.
• To reduce corrosion.
Lubricants can reduce the rate of corrosion because it forms a protective layer on the metal surface so that direct contact between the substance causes corrosion of metal surfaces can be avoided or reduced.
• As shock absorbers.
Shock loads on engine components can occur, including the gears. Lubricant layer will lessen the impact between the gear surfaces intersect each other, so as to reduce vibration and noise.
Additives to improve the characteristics of lubricants, to suit their usage requirements. Additive: Chemicals that have received "Patent" from the factory.
Detergent: to clean machinery
Dispersant: to keep all the dirt floats / float in the lubricating oil
Antioxdant: to prevent the process
Anticorrosive: prevent kososi
Antifrezing: to prevent freezing
Increasing the viscosity index: to keep the lubricants remain fluid in cold temperatures
Antifoam: to prevent foam
Extreme Presure: to form a thin layer of strong, resistant to pressure
antirust: to prevent the formation of rust due to the deviation of pressure
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